Postsecondary L2 writing teachers' use and perceptions of Grammarly as a complement to their feedback

Although it has been suggested that automated writing evaluation (AWE) can liberate teachers' time to focus more on higher-order concerns as it can take care of lower-order concerns, AWE's impact on teachers' feedback practice is underexplored. Additionally, scant literature exists on teachers' perception of AWE when they use it to complement their feedback. This study explored how Grammarly shaped postsecondary L2 writing teachers' feedback when it was used to complement teacher feedback as well as teachers' perceptions of the tool. To understand Grammarly's impact, teachers' comments on 10 essays were analyzed. The teachers then had a semi-structured interview aimed at exploring their perceptions of Grammarly. The findings showed that teachers provided feedback both on global and local aspects of writing despite using Grammarly as a complement, and there was no division of labor such as that a teacher takes care of higher-order and Grammarly takes care of lower-order concerns. The findings also revealed factors that impacted teachers' feedback, including teachers' use of Grammarly reports, their attitudes toward automated feedback, as well as their beliefs about feedback and course objectives. Overall, of the six teachers, four were positive about Grammarly, while two were skeptical. The study provides implications on how to use Grammarly meaningfully as a complement to teacher feedback.