Phytochemical Assessment and Evaluation of the Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Microbial, Anti-Cholesterol, and Anti-Diabetic Activities of Triumphetta Pentandra Methanol Based Green Leaf Extract

The study aimed at the determination of phytoconstituents in Triumphetta pentandra leaf extract and evaluated its in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholesterol, and anti-diabetic properties. The dried leaf powder was extracted in absolute methanol using the Soxhlet apparatus. Reducing potential and DPPH assays were used to test the plant extracts' ability to act as antioxidants. The antifungal and antibacterial activities of the plant extract were assessed using the well-diffusion method on agar plates. Anticholesterol as well as anti-diabetic properties of the extract were determined using the LiebermannButchard calorimetric assay and alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay, respectively. Preliminary analysis showed that there were tannins, alkaloids, phenols, steroids, saponins, and terpenoids present, with a total phenolic concentration of 348.63 mg/g gallic acid equivalent. The extract's capacity to neutralize free radicals increased dose-dependently, with a DPPH -IC50 value of 368.63 mu g/ml recorded. The minimum inhibitory concentration value for the extract was 250 mu g/ml for gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans and 1750 mu g/ml for gram-negative bacteria. The extract's % -IC50 cholesterol inhibition activity was found to be 170.45 mu g/ml, while that of the standard (atorvastatin) was 177.15 mu g/ml. The extract's -IC50 value for a-glucosidase inhibitory activity was found to be 34.952 mu g/ml. The samples' phytochemical composition was profiled using gas chromatography-mass and FTIR spectroscopy. Compounds of the terpenoids, fatty acid esters, and long-chain hydrocarbon categories were predominant in the extract. The results of the study suggested the use of Triumphetta pentandra in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and other conditions linked to oxidative stress.