Systematic literature review on critical success factors in implementing augmented reality for science learning environment (2006-2021)

The involvement of Augmented Reality (AR) in science learning has marked a significant change by transforming science learning into an exciting activity. Several systematic literature reviews (SLR) have been conducted to determine the trends in educational AR studies, the use of informal education in AR, AR's advantages and challenges, and the AR's quality and personalization. Nevertheless, to what extent AR is being implemented in science learning and its critical success factors are unclear. Therefore, this study is conducted to determine to what extent AR has been implemented in science learning and to identify critical success factors of AR for science learning. This study synthesizes a set of 90 empirical studies from 2006 to 2021. This SLR method is conducted by formulating specific inclusion and exclusion criteria in two distinct rounds to determine the most relevant reviews for our research objective. A content analysis was used to analyze the critical success factors about augmented reality in science learning. This analysis revealed several critical success factors for AR in science learning environments such as rich learning experience, effective learning outcomes, and decent inherent characteristics. These critical success factors must be considered for the AR design and evaluation framework, particularly in the science learning environment. This study has determined critical success factors that provide guidelines or measurements to education stakeholders, academicians and AR developers in implementing AR in science learning environments.