Association between thermal comfort and cortisol depends on the air temperature and exposure time

Exploring the link between thermal comfort and cortisol, a stress hormone, at different air temperatures can give a theoretical basis for creating a comfortable and healthy indoor environment, although the relationship is not yet obvious. We considered three temperatures and two exposure levels, collected the subjects' subjective evaluations and saliva, detected the concentration of cortisol in saliva, and analyzed the change characteristics of subjective evaluations and cortisol concentration at different temperatures with exposure time and their re-lationships at different exposure times. Subjective evaluations were better and cortisol concentration was lower at neutral temperature, according to our findings. Furthermore, there was a U-shaped distribution of cortisol concentration with thermal sensation vote (TSV), and cortisol concentration decreased with increasing thermal comfort vote (TCV). In comparison to "hot" and "cold," the concentration of cortisol corresponding to "neutral" after 30 min of exposure declined by 179.0% and 59.3%, respectively; the concentration for "very uncomfort-able" was higher by 191.4% than for "comfortable." Following a 60-min exposure, the concentrations that corresponded to "neutral" and "very uncomfortable" were, respectively, lower by 89.3% and 143.0% than "hot" and "comfortable." Our findings suggest that cortisol derived from human saliva may be a novel and useful objective indicator assessing human thermal comfort. This study can deepen our understanding of the rela-tionship between human thermal comfort and stress hormones, and relevant conclusions provide theoretical basis for building indoor thermal environment.