The synergistic effect of chemical oxidation and microbial activity on improving volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production during the animal wastewater anaerobic digestion process treated with persulfate/biochar

Improving volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, rather than producing methane from the anaerobic digestion (AD) of waste, has become a new strategy of resource utilization. In regard to animal wastewater, the effectiveness of persul-fate/biochar (potassium peroxodisulfate, PDS/BC) on the hydrolysis and acidogenesis stages and the reaction mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, the AD process on cow wastewater was controlled at the hydrolysis and acidification stages by setting the hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 25 days. The results showed that the contents of total solids (TS) and vol-atile solids (VS) were further reduced by PDS/BC treatment with 0.15 gPDS/gTS of PDS added. The VFAs production in-creased by 12.4 % from day 0 to 25 compared to the blank set. Based on our molecular analysis, the rate of increase for the dissolved organic matter with low molecular weight (0-10 kDa) was 699.5 mg/(L center dot d) in the first 10 days. The change rate increased nearly 2.1 times, leading to higher VFAs yield. Moreover, the activities of fermentative bacteria were enhanced and Anaerocella was determined to be the specific and critical genus. However, excessive PDS (0.3 gPDS/gTS) prolonged the acidification period and caused the inactivation of fermentative bacteria. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that PDS can directly affect VFAs yield and also had an indirect effect by influencing the decomposition of particulate mat-ter and microbial activities. Therefore, the enhancement of VFAs production using the PDS/BC method could be due to synergistic chemical and microbial effects. Findings from this study can provide a practical strategy to enhance the VFAs production of AD technology for livestock wastewater and help reveal the reaction mechanism of PDS/BC treatment.