Epidemiological and clinicopathological analysis of basal cell carcinoma in Egyptian population: a 5-year retrospective multicenter study

Purpose Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most diagnosed type of cancer accounting for 80% of all keratinocyte malignancies. However, the exact demographic properties and clinicopathological criteria for BCC in Egyptians are not clearly reported. Our aim is to report and analyze the epidemiological and clinicopathological features of BCC in Egyptians. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records for patients diagnosed pathologically with BCC during the period from January 2017 to December 2021. Data were recruited from four dermatology centers with different geographical distributions. Results We registered 544 patients. Their age ranged between 22-91 years with a mean of 61.6 +/- 13.2 years. Females showed younger age of onset. The mean duration of the tumor was 3.9 +/- 3.8 years. The most common involved region was the head (79.4%), and about one third of patients (32.2%) had a giant lesion (> 5 cm). The most common clinical presentation was ulcerative lesions (44.9%). Pathologically, the nodular type represented the most common variant (50.4%). Conclusion Our results proposed that the annual incidence of BCC is increasing among Egyptians. Ultraviolet radiation is considered a high-risk factor of BCC leading to a higher affection of the head region and more prevalence in men. This study also highlights some criteria of BCC in Egyptians such as the long duration of the tumor, the early onset in females, the higher percentage of giant types, and the predominance of nodular type. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the characteristic features of BCC among Egyptians.