Banks? leverage in foreign exchange derivatives in times of crisis: A tale of two countries

Before the outbreak of the Global Financial Crisis, on May 6, 2007, the Colombian central bank imposed a cap on the Gross Leverage Position in Foreign Exchange Derivatives of financial in-termediaries. It was the only country in the world that implemented this prudential policy. Using synthetic control methods, we construct counterfactual scenarios and show that this policy intervention, while costly in financial stability terms in the pre-GFC period, was effective in reducing Colombia's financial stability risks during the crisis. A trade-off between "calm" and "turbulent" periods emerges from our results, which should be considered when deciding on the right policy tools to use before a crisis break-out.