Quinoa and Chia Modulate AMPK/PPAR-γ Signaling in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Rat Model

Obesity is one of the principal reasons behind a wide range of metabolic diseases and dramatic health complications. Recent studies shed the light on chia (Salvia hispanica L., Lamiaceae) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd., Amaranthaceae) seeds and identified them as products of utmost health benefits. The present study was designed to explore the molecular mechanisms of the hydroalcoholic extract of those seeds in weight management. Rats were divided randomly into two main groups: control and treated. The control groups received regular chow diet, high-fat diet, and green tea. The treated groups received high-fat diet and chia or quinoa extracts. Results revealed that the seeds showed hepatoprotective effects and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and modulated leptin, adiponectin, serum lipid, and glycemic profiles. Effects are further consolidated by normal hepatic tissue architecture upon histopathological examination. Moreover, modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma transcriptional activity via activation of 5 ' AMP-activated protein kinase and suppression of nuclear expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c in obese rats as compared to green tea were demonstrated. Characterization of the major secondary bioactive metabolites was done using HPLC/PDA/ESI-MS/MS. Our study advocates evidence-based study on nutrition and health claims on the use of chia and quinoa extracts as nutraceutical supplements for promoting weight wellness and alleviating its related metabolic disorders.