An application of tournament differential evolution algorithm in production inventory model with green level and expiry time dependent demand

In the present situation, environment is rapidly polluted by the manufacturing of non-eco-friendly products and carbon emission from production industries. So, to control this pollution as well as carbon emission, everyone should be aware to use eco-friendly products and reduce carbon emission. Motivating on this topic, a model on green manufacturing system has been formulated where the produced items are eco-friendly and have a fixed lifetime. Also, in this model, the green level of the produced items enhances the demand of the customers. The objective of this work is to determine the green level of the product and business period by maximizing the average profit of the system. To solve the corresponding maximization problems, a hybrid tournament differential evolution (TDE) algorithm is applied to obtain the best-found solutions along with the average profit of the system. To check the validity of the proposed model, a numerical example is considered and solved by the different variants of the said algorithm. Also, the simulated results obtained from the different variants of TDE algorithm are compared with the simulated results obtained from some of the existing algorithms reported in the literature. Then to test the performance and efficiency of the said hybrid algorithm, statistical comparisons, statistical tests are performed. Finally, sensitivity analyses are carried out in order to examine the effects of changes of parameters involved in the model on the average profit, green level of the product, business and production periods.