Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Pneumonitis: Incidence and Management

Purpose of ReviewDespite immune checkpoint inhibitors' (ICIs) many notable benefits, they carry the risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is an irAE with significant morbidity and mortality. Early recognition and understanding of treatments are essential for those who prescribe ICIs or manage patients on therapy.Recent FindingsEarly detection of pneumonitis may be aided by increased serum CRP and IL-6 levels. Additionally, immunosuppressive treatment for patients failing steroids demonstrates that infliximab and tocilizumab provide some benefit, but outcomes remain poor. IVIG might be a better option.CIP remains a challenging diagnosis. Certain risk factors have been identified for CIP development. Diagnosis is confounded by lack of pathognomonic radiology and pathology findings. Severity of disease guides treatment, which initially involves discontinuation of ICP and addition of steroids. For more severe cases, immunosuppression has a role but requires further study.