Numerical simulation of lithium-ion battery thermal management systems: A comparison of fluid flow channels and cooling fluids

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are commonly used in electric vehicles (EVs) due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, their performance and lifespan are greatly impacted by temperature, so it is essential to maintain the optimum temperature range. The paper aims to analyze the effectiveness of liquid cooling in battery thermal management systems (BTMS) for EVs using numerical simulations. The study investigates the impact of different cooling configurations on the temperature behavior and heat transfer in the battery. The liquid cooling with different fluid flow channels can significantly improve the thermal performance of the battery pack (BP), leading to a more stable and safe operation of EVs. The study conducts cell-level battery cooling analysis to determine the best fluid and optimal fluid flow parameters for different fluid flow channel configurations. The study examines the design and development of different channel configurations to achieve a profitable result. The simulation results reveal that liquid cooling can significantly improve the thermal performance of the BP. The study finds that different cooling configurations, such as curved, open, and rectangle cooling channels, have a significant impact on the temperature behavior and heat transfer within the BP. Among the configurations curved channel with liquid as cooling fluid shown optimal results with excellent heat transfer rate. The findings of this study can help in the development of efficient and reliable BTMS for EVs. The study concludes that liquid cooling is an effective method for improving the thermal performance of LIB packs, leading to a more stable and safe operation of EVs.