Spatial distribution, compositional profile, sources, ecological and human health risks of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in freshwater reservoirs of Punjab, Pakistan

被引:16
作者
Riaz, Rahat [1 ]
Junaid, Muhammad [2 ,3 ]
Rehman, Muhammad Yasir Abdur [1 ]
Iqbal, Taimoor [1 ]
Khan, Jawad Aslam [1 ]
Dong, Yanran [2 ]
Yue, Linxia [2 ]
Chen, Yupeng [2 ]
Xu, Nan [2 ]
Malik, Riffat Naseem [1 ]
机构
[1] Quaid i Azam Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Environm Hlth Lab, Islamabad, Pakistan
[2] Peking Univ, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Sch Environm & Energy, Key Lab Heavy Met Pollut Control & Reutilizat, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China
[3] South China Agr Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Joint Lab Guangdong Prov & Hong Kong Reg Marine Bi, Guangzhou 510641, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances; Emerging compounds; Freshwater reservoirs; Positive matrix factorization; Ecological risk; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS PFAAS; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; SURFACE-WATER; DRINKING-WATER; INDUS RIVER; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; EXPOSURE; SOIL; CONTAMINATION;
D O I
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159144
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of chemicals reported in global environment and are responsible for various adverse impacts on humans and environment. We report a comprehensive study on occurrence of PFASs, including legacy, substitute and emerging ones, from Pakistan. Surface water samples were collected from five ecologically important freshwater reservoirs in Pakistan, namely, Head Panjnad (HP), Head Trimmu (HT), Chashma Barrage (CB), Head Blloki (HB), and Head Qadirabad (HQ). The detection frequencies of PFASs ranged between 37 %-100 %. The highest concentration of n-ary sumation 15PFASs was detected at HP (114.1 ng L-1), whereas the lowest at HQ (19.9 ng L-1). Among the analyzed PFASs, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) showed maximum mean concentrations of 9.1 ng L-1 and 7 ng L-1 at HP, followed by Perfluorooctane sul-fonic acid (PFOS) with level of 0.99 ng L-1 at HT. The ecological risk assessment for selected species i.e., daphnid, mysid, fish and green algae showed that PFOS, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) exhib-ited moderate risk i.e., Hazard Quotients (HQs) < 1 to the modeled organisms, whereas perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) showed the high risk to green algae (HQs = 8.6) and PFOA presented a high risk to all the organisms (HQs ranged between 1.04 and 7.38). The level of n-ary sumation PFASs at HP (114.1 ng L-1) exceed the EU guideline value of n-ary sumation PFASs in water (100 ng L-1), however the risk quotient (RQmix) values of all age groups were < 1 implying that the detected PFASs in water do not pose risk to human health. Source apportionment through Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)showed that industrial effluent is the main source of PFASs in freshwater reservoirs. Comparable concentrations of legacy and substitute PFASs in this study indicate that legacy PFASs are still in use adjacent to ecologically important water reservoirs.
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页数:13
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