Silver Nanoparticles as Antiviral and Antibacterial Agents: A Comprehensive Review of Synthesis Methods and Therapeutic Application

Silver nanoparticles have shown inhibitory capabilities and its use in battling viral infections are strengthened by its potent antibacterial activity. Notably, since it directly affects antiviral efficacy, the proper choice of synthesis process for making silver nanoparticles is a vital element to be taken into consideration. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles for the treatment of viral and bacterial infections involves creating silver particles at the nanoscale with unique antimicrobial properties. Various methods exist for synthesizing silver nanoparticles, including chemical reduction, green synthesis, and physical methods. Chemical reduction involves using reducing agents to convert silver ions into silver nanoparticles. Green synthesis employs reducing agents in an environmentally friendly manner. Physical methods rely on techniques such as laser ablation or thermal evaporation to produce silver nanoparticles. In order to provide technological guidance for choosing antiviral silver nanoparticle manufacturing methods, this paper introduces and explores alternative synthesis methods for creating silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles exhibit potent antibacterial and antiviral properties owing to their unique physical and chemical characteristics. Synthesized through methods like chemical reduction, green synthesis, and physical processes, they offer distinct advantages in efficacy, cost, and environmental friendliness. Ag-NPs disrupt bacterial membranes and hinder viral replication, holding promise for biomedical applications. This article explores optimal fabrication methods for antiviral silver nanoparticles. image