Regulatory analysis of E-mobility for Brazil: A comparative review and outlook

The transport sector accounts for approximately 20% of the demand for primary energy resources. Also, the integration of energy generated by renewable sources in road transport has advanced mainly through the electrification of vehicles, supporting energy system flexibility. Sales of electric vehicles doubled in 2021 from the previous year to a new record of 6.6 million. Nearly 10% of global car sales were electric in 2021, four times the 2019 market share, bringing the total number of electric cars on the world's roads to about 16.5 million, triple the amount in 2018. Global sales of electric cars have kept rising strongly in 2022, with two million sold in the first quarter, up 75% from the same period in 2021. The behaviour of electric utilities is decisive for energy transition and sustainability success, considering the grid's adoption of energy storage system elements and electric vehicles. This study presents the obstacles of smart mobility, focusing on regulatory, governance, and acceptance challenges for electric mobility (e-mobility) services in Brazil. Regulatory systems for the expansion of e-mobility in different countries were considered from the perspective of electricity concessionaires. Ninetythree articles were selected through a systematic literature review and assessment. The research considers regulations from the reference countries, a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility of commercialising e-mobility in Brazil, and proposed incentive mechanisms for promoting e-mobility from an energy distribution perspective.