The effect of defects on magnetic droplet nucleation

Defects and impurities strongly affect the timing and the character of the (re)ordering or disordering transitions of thermodynamic systems captured in metastable states. In this paper we analyse the case of two-dimensional magnetic systems. We adapt the classical JMAK theory to account for the effects of defects on the free energy barriers, the critical droplet area and the associated metastable time. The resulting predictions are successfully tested against the Monte-Carlo simulations performed by adopting Glauber dynamics, to obtain reliable time-dependent results during the out -of-equilibrium transformations. We also focus on finite-size effects, and study how the spinodal line (separating the single-droplet from the multi-droplet regime) depends on the system size, the defect fraction, and the external field.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.