Quantitative evaluation model of shale oil adsorption: A case study of the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in northern Songliao Basin, NE China

A quantitative evaluation model that integrates kerogen adsorption and clay pore adsorption of shale oil was proposed, and the evaluation charts of adsorption-swelling capacity of kerogen (M-k) and adsorbed oil capacity of clay minerals (Mc) were established, taking the 1st member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the northern Songliao Basin as an example. The model and charts were derived from swelling oil experiments performed on naturally evolved kerogens and adsorbed oil experiments on clays (separated from shale core samples). They were constructed on the basis of clarifying the control law of kerogen maturity evolution on its adsorption-swelling capacity, and considering the effect of both the clay pore surface area that occupied by adsorbed oil and formation temperature. The results are obtained in four aspects: (1) For the Qing 1 Member shale, with the increase of maturity, M-k decreases. Given R-o of 0.83%-1.65%, M-k is about 50-250 mg/g. (2) The clay in shale adsorbs asphaltene. Mc is 0.63 mg/m2, and about 15% of the clay pore surface is occupied by adsorbed oil. (3) In the low to medium maturity stages, the shale oil adsorption is controlled by organic matter. When R-o>1.3%, the shale oil adsorption capacity is contributed by clay pores. (4) The oil adsorption capacity evaluated on the surface at room temperature is 8%-22% (avg. 15%) higher than that is held in the formations. The proposed evaluation model reveals the occurrence mechanisms of shale oils with different maturities, and provides a new insight for estimating the reserves of shale oil under formation temperature conditions.