Role of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Protocol in the Management of Elderly Patients with Glioblastoma

Objective: Among the already difficult management of neuro-oncological patients, the elderly population remains vulnerable. Because of the pathology and the comorbidities, they present a significantly higher rate of medical issues related to surgical management. Despite this, the surgical option, if feasible, remains the gold standard in these patients, and an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol could improve the postoperative safety of the patients. With this purpose, we prepared this study with the aim of defining the postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS), but also of evaluating the postoperative morbidity, perioperative complications, and postoperative pain scores. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-cohort study performed at an academic hospital (Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter of South Switzerland, Switzerland) on elderly patients who underwent craniotomy for glioblastoma. Patients were enrolled in a novel ERAS protocol from January 2022 to December 2022. Since this is a feasibility study and a direct comparison was not possible, we used a historical cohort of elderly patients who had undergone elective craniotomy surgery for glioblastoma as a control group. Results: A total of 19 patients treated in our center for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) who were aged over 75 years were included in this study. Among those, seven were newly recruited patients included in the ERAS protocol, while the remaining twelve were part of a historical cohort of previously treated patients. From a statistical point of view, the two cohorts were comparable in terms of baseline demographics. In the follow-up, it was shown that in the ERAS group, there was a reduction in the use of opioids after the surgical procedures that could be seen at 30 days (36.2% vs. 71.7%, p < 0.001), but also at 3 months, after surgery (33.0% vs. 80.0%, p < 0.001). A significant difference has also been documented in terms of mobilization and ambulation: compared to the historical cohort, in the ERAS group, there was a higher rate of mobilization (60.0% vs. 10.0%, p < 0.001), but also of ambulation (36.1% vs. 10.0%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The ERAS protocol for the management of glioblastoma in elderly patients seems to be an effective option for reducing LOS in the hospital, as well as for reducing the number of days spent in the ICU, improving the general recovery of the patient, and reducing the costs associated with hospitalization.