Rusty root rot is the most destructive soilborne disease of ginseng caused by pathogenic Ilyonectria spp., predominantly Ilyonectria robusta, in China. However, there remains no effective strategy to control the disease. Current control of the disease requires that soil and ginseng seeds and seedlings infected with I. robusta are avoided during planting. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection of I. robusta would be indispensable in disease control programs. A one-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was developed to detect I. robusta in ginseng seeds, roots, and soil. The species-specific primers HIS H3-F and HIS H3-R, designed based on a partial histone gene sequence of I. robusta, yielded a 268-bp product using the optimized PCR and qPCR protocol. DNA of I. robusta was detected by qPCR in all diseased soil and ginseng roots and seeds resulting from artificial inoculation and sampled from natural fields. I. robusta was detected at an abundance of 1.42 fg/mu l at 12 h postinoculation and 191.31 fg/mu l at 7 days postinoculation in ginseng roots that showed disease symptoms. In naturally infected soil sampled from ginseng fields, pathogen abundances ranging from 13.23 to 503.39 fg/mu l were detected, which were 2.04 to 11.01 times higher than those in ginseng roots. The pathogen was first detected and was more abundant on the surface of the ginseng seed coat compared with that in the seed kernel. This study provides a high-efficiency detection technique for early diagnosis of I. robusta and real-time disease prevention and control strategies.
机构:
Jilin Agr Univ, State Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Ginseng Breeding &, Changchun 130118, Peoples R China
Changchun Univ Chinese Med, Jilin Ginseng Acad, Changchun 130117, Peoples R ChinaJilin Agr Univ, State Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Ginseng Breeding &, Changchun 130118, Peoples R China
Li, Qiong
Zhan, Yu
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Changchun Univ Chinese Med, Jilin Ginseng Acad, Changchun 130117, Peoples R ChinaJilin Agr Univ, State Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Ginseng Breeding &, Changchun 130118, Peoples R China
Zhan, Yu
Xu, Yonghua
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Jilin Agr Univ, State Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Ginseng Breeding &, Changchun 130118, Peoples R ChinaJilin Agr Univ, State Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Ginseng Breeding &, Changchun 130118, Peoples R China
Xu, Yonghua
Zhang, Lianxue
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Jilin Agr Univ, State Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Ginseng Breeding &, Changchun 130118, Peoples R ChinaJilin Agr Univ, State Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Ginseng Breeding &, Changchun 130118, Peoples R China
Zhang, Lianxue
Di, Peng
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Jilin Agr Univ, State Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Ginseng Breeding &, Changchun 130118, Peoples R ChinaJilin Agr Univ, State Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Ginseng Breeding &, Changchun 130118, Peoples R China
Di, Peng
Lu, Baohui
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Jilin Agr Univ, State Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Ginseng Breeding &, Changchun 130118, Peoples R ChinaJilin Agr Univ, State Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Ginseng Breeding &, Changchun 130118, Peoples R China
Lu, Baohui
Chen, Changbao
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Changchun Univ Chinese Med, Jilin Ginseng Acad, Changchun 130117, Peoples R ChinaJilin Agr Univ, State Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Ginseng Breeding &, Changchun 130118, Peoples R China
机构:
Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Life Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaNatl Taiwan Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
Kwan, Hoi-Shan
Lam, Regent Yau Ching
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Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Sch Life Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China
Muni Arborist Ltd, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaNatl Taiwan Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
机构:
ARUP Inst Clin & Expt Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USAARUP Inst Clin & Expt Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
Tardif, Keith D.
Schlaberg, Robert
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ARUP Inst Clin & Expt Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT USAARUP Inst Clin & Expt Pathol, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA