Transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy for nightmares and parasomnias

Study Objectives: This pilot study determined whether transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy for parasomnias (CBTp) reduces parasomnia and activity levels during sleep in a sample of adult sleep clinic outpatients. A secondary objective was to assess whether treatment produces improvements in daytime fatigue/sleepiness, perceived cognition, mood, and depression/anxiety/stress, as well as functional impairment in work and leisure activities.Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial with CBTp and self-monitoring control conditions. Participants were 19 adults with a DSM 5 parasomnia disorder who received individual CBTp virtually from their homes. CBTp consisted of psychoeducation, sleep hygiene and safety instructions, relaxation training, parasomnia techniques, and relapse prevention in a 6-week manualized, structured program. Results: Using a repeated measures analysis of variance model, and relative to a self-monitoring control condition, results showed that CBTp produced statistically significant improvements in parasomnia frequency, severity, nocturnal activity, and sleep efficiency. There was a trend toward reduced sleep-onset latency and improved work and social adjustment. Of treated participants, 100% rated themselves as improved at study conclusion.Conclusions: Implications of these findings are that cognitive behavioral interventions for parasomnias are effective in lessening parasomnias. More investigation into this type of treatment is warranted.Clinical Trial Registration: Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Parasomnias; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT04633668; Identifier: NCT04633668.