Social and Biological Determinants in Lung Cancer Disparity

Simple Summary Despite an overall reduction in lung cancer incidence and mortality rates worldwide, African Americans remain disproportionately affected by lung cancer in terms of incidence and outcome, with higher mortality rates than other ethnic or racial groups. Many factors contribute to these racial differences. This review highlights the relationship between social factors and the biology of lung cancer contributing to disparities in incidence and outcome.Abstract Lung cancer remains a leading cause of death in the United States and globally, despite progress in treatment and screening efforts. While mortality rates have decreased in recent years, long-term survival of patients with lung cancer continues to be a challenge. Notably, African American (AA) men experience significant disparities in lung cancer compared to European Americans (EA) in terms of incidence, treatment, and survival. Previous studies have explored factors such as smoking patterns and complex social determinants, including socioeconomic status, personal beliefs, and systemic racism, indicating their role in these disparities. In addition to social factors, emerging evidence points to variations in tumor biology, immunity, and comorbid conditions contributing to racial disparities in this disease. This review emphasizes differences in smoking patterns, screening, and early detection and the intricate interplay of social, biological, and environmental conditions that make African Americans more susceptible to developing lung cancer and experiencing poorer outcomes.