Nursing students' experiences regarding physical restraint use in long-term care facilities: A qualitative descriptive study

Background: Despite many harmful effects, physical restraints are still used in long-term care facilities. Most existing studies have focused on staff. Nursing students observe staff's use of restraints during gerontological nursing practicums, but there are few studies on nursing students' experiences regarding restraint use in longterm care settings. Objective: This study aimed to explore nursing students' experiences with physical restraint use in order to enhance nursing education and improve care quality in long-term care facilities. Methods: Using convenience sampling method, three nursing schools from three provinces were recruited. Twenty-six senior undergraduate nursing students who had taken a gerontological nursing practicum course participated in this study. A qualitative descriptive method was utilized to provide a clear account of the students' experiences. In-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results: Four themes were identified, which included overuse of restraints, ambivalent response to restraints, becoming accustomed to restraints, and lack of education regarding restraints. Students frequently observed the use of various restraints, which elicited both negative and positive responses, ultimately leading to their desensitization to the overuse of restraints. They expressed a lack of knowledge and educational needs regarding restraint reduction. Conclusion: Nursing students encountered the overuse of various restraints, exhibited ambivalent responses, and became desensitized to this practice in long-term care facilities. They perceived a lack of education and educational needs regarding restraint reduction. This study adds important new knowledge to existing literature and provides important insights into restraint use in long-term care facilities. Future studies need to develop and evaluate educational programs for restraint-free and person-centered care targeting nursing students. Long-term care facilities should offer organizational support and implement continuous mandatory training to promote restraint-free care.