Impact of Inverter-Based Resources on Different Implementation Methods for Distance Relays-Part II: Reactance Method

Part I of this article investigated the performance of distance relays that use phase comparators in systems with inverter-based resources (IBRs). Part II investigates distance relays that are based on the reactance method, another common technique used in existing relays. Similar to Part I, the IBRs in this article comply with the low-voltage ride-through requirements of recent grid codes (including the generation of negative-sequence current), and the relays measure a combination of IBR and load currents. This article will examine if the basic assumptions of the reactance method hold under such scenarios. In addition to theoretical analysis, the article will also present case studies that indicate the differences between the impacts of IBRs on the reactance method and the previously discussed phase comparators, hence the need for separate treatment of the reactance method. The findings of this article are corroborated using PSCAD/EMTDC simulations.