Comparative analysis of Hamilton-Crosser and Yamada-Ota models of tri-hybrid nanofluid flow inside a stenotic artery with activation energy and convective conditions

The non-uniform heat generation effect on the flow of magnetized tri-hybrid nanofluid inside a stenotic artery with convective boundary conditions and activation energy is briefly compared in this article. Furthermore, the effects of viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, and Joule heating are considered. The proposed model's goal is to assess how well Yamada-Ota and Hamilton-Crosser tri-hybrid nanofluid models perform. Employed is a tri-hybrid nanofluid made up of gold (Au)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$({\text{Au}})$$\end{document}, silver (Ag)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$({\text{Ag}})$$\end{document}, coper (Cu)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$({\text{Cu}})$$\end{document}, and blood as the base fluid. By scrutinizing the heat transfer and fluid dynamics characteristics in constricted arteries, this study offers insights into diagnosing arterial conditions, optimizing medical interventions, and enhancing drug delivery strategies. A method of appropriate similarity variables has been used to transform PDEs into dimensionless ODEs, which have then been solved using the bvp4c built-in solver in the mathematical programmer MATLAB to obtain both numerical solutions and graphical results. Graphs are used to elaborate on the results of physical regulating parameters using concentration, temperature, and velocity profiles. When the volume friction of nanoparticles, thermal radiation, and the heat generation vary more frequently, the thermal distribution profile exhibits a growing behavior. For increasing fluctuations in the reaction rate parameter, the concentration distribution profile exhibits a decrementing behavior. In terms of mass and heat transfer effectiveness, the Yamada-Ota model surpasses the Hamilton-Crosser tri-hybrid nanofluid model. The existing strategy has the potential to be very advantageous for effective blood medication delivery.