Polypharmacy, Potentially Inappropriate Medications, and Dysphagia in Older Inpatients: A Multi-Center Cohort Study

Background: Although the relationship between medication status, symptomatology, and outcomes has been evaluated, data on the prevalence of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and the association of polypharmacy and PIMs with swallowing function during follow-up are limited among hospitalized patients aged >= 65 years with dysphagia. Methods: In this 19-center cohort study, we registered 467 inpatients aged >= 65 years and evaluated those with the Food Intake LEVEL Scale (FILS) scores <= 8 between November 2019 and March 2021. Polypharmacy was defined as prescribing >= 5 medications and PIMs were identified based on the 2023 Updated Beers Criteria. We applied a generalized linear regression model to examine the association of polypharmacy and PIMs with FILS score at discharge. Results: We analyzed 399 participants (median age, 83.0 years; males, 49.8%). The median follow-up was 51.0 days (interquartile range, 22.0-84.0 days). Polypharmacy and PIMs were present in 67.7% of and 56.1% of patients, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, neither polypharmacy (beta=0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.04-0.13, p=0.30) nor non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (beta=0.09; 95% CI, -0.02-0.19; p=0.10) were significantly associated with FILS score at discharge. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated a high proportion of polypharmacy and PIMs among inpatients aged >= 65 years with dysphagia. Although these prescribed conditions were not significantly associated with swallowing function at discharge, our findings suggest the importance of regularly reviewing medications to ensure the appropriateness of prescriptions when managing older inpatients.