Uveitis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors or BRAF/MEK inhibitors in patients with malignant melanoma

The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of uveitis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or BRAF/MEK inhibitors (B/MIs) in patients with malignant melanoma. Patients diagnosed with malignant melanoma who underwent radical or local resection for malignant melanoma, regardless of clinical stage or postoperative adjuvant therapy, at Hiroshima University Hospital from January 2015 to June 2021 were enrolled in a retrospective cohort. The medical records of patients were collected to estimate the prevalence of ocular adverse events. The clinical characteristics of patients who developed uveitis were reviewed. Among 152 patients, 54 and 12 were treated with ICIs and B/MIs, respectively. Four patients developed uveitis; 1 in the ICI group and 3 in the B/MI group, while there were no uveitis cases among patients who did not receive ICIs or B/MIs. Three patients had Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease-like findings. Uveitis was improved by steroid therapy with or without oncological treatment interruption. Oncological treatment could be resumed. Patients with melanoma treated with ICIs or B/MIs had a higher risk of uveitis compared with those who did not receive them. Oncological treatment could be resumed in all patients who developed uveitis.