Adenomyoma of the small intestine in children: a 12-year experience in a tertiary referral center

Background: Adenomyoma of the small intestine is rare in children and the clinical characteristics is not clear. The study was to document the clinical characteristics and treatment of children with adenomyoma of the small intestine.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in children with intestinal adenomyoma from 2010 to 2022. We recorded age, gender, symptoms, location, tumour size and treatment options.Results: Thirteen patients with adenomyoma of the small bowel were included. The median age was 20 months with a male-to-female ratio of 10:3 and more than half of the patients were younger than 2 years old. The mean tumour size was 2.0 cm. The lesion was found accidentally in one patient, and the others presented with symptoms of intussusception. A pathological lead point was found on ultrasound in seven patients. All tumours were located in the ileum, ranging from 24 to 260 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. The tumour was found in an antimesenteric site in eight patients. Three patients suffered intestinal necrosis, and segmental resection of the ileum was performed. Three patients without intestinal necrosis underwent tumour rection, while intestinal resection and anastomosis were performed in the remaining seven. All patients recovered well except one, who developed intussusception 7 days after surgery; that patient underwent surgery and recovered uneventfully.Conclusions: Adenomyoma of the small intestine has a male predominance in children and intussusception is a common presentation. The ultrasound feature is a mass of mixed echogenicity containing several small cystic areas. Surgery is the primary treatment option and the procedure should be chosen based on intraoperative findings.