Cyber-Physical Power and Energy Systems with Wireless Sensor Networks: A Systematic Review

Power grids are among the primary target for exploitation by cyber-attacks. Modern power and energy systems are controlled and monitored by a network of electrical and communication devices for reliability improvement and resilience enhancement. To increase the capability of remote control and monitoring, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely employed in modern power and energy systems. WSNs, as the foundation of Internet-of-Things (IoT), act as the essential enabling technologies for Cyber-Physical Power and Energy Systems (CPPES). While the benefits of WSNs in power and energy systems, such as high efficiency and low deployment costs, their security is a major challenge. In this paper, a systematic review of applications, challenges, and standards of WSNs in CPPES is presented, and various theoretical solutions are discussed. Finally, recommendations for future research are provided.