Advances in Controlling Bacterial Mastitis in Dairy Cows

MASTITIS is the most world frequent and costly disease in dairy cattle. Although several infectious agents such as bacteria, Mycoplasma, and fungi have been associated to mastitis, bacteria are the primary important cause. Improved milking hygiene, implementation of post-milking teat disinfection, and maintenance of milking machinery are all general methods to avoid new cases of mastitis, but antibiotics are the primary treatment to control mastitis infection. Antibiotic residue and antimicrobial resistance, as well as the effect of antibiotic abuse on public health, have led to several limits on uncontrolled antibiotic therapy in the dairy industry across the world. New therapeutic techniques to substitute antibiotics in the control of mastitis have been examined by researchers. These efforts, which were aided by the significant advancements in nanotechnology, stem cell assays, molecular biology tools, and genomics, led to the creation of innovative mastitis treatment and control methods. In the present study, unique mastitis management approaches are discussed, including the breeding of mastitis-resistant dairy cows, the creation of novel diagnostic and treatment techniques, and the use of contemporary mastitis vaccines, cow drying protocols, teat sterilisation, housing, and nutrition. Besides, it include the use of nanotechnology, stem cell technologies, immunotherapy, traditional herbal medicine plants, nutraceuticals, probiotics, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, and acoustic pulse technology.