Cognitive data imputation: Case study in maintenance cost estimation

Cost estimation is critical for effective decision making in engineering projects. However, it is often hampered by a lack of sufficient data. For this, data imputation techniques can be used to estimate missing costs based on statistical estimates or analogies with historical data. However, these techniques are often limited because they do not consider the existing knowledge of experts. In this paper, a novel cognitive data imputation tech-nique is proposed for cost estimation that uses explanatory interactive machine learning to integrate and improve human knowledge. Through a case study in maintenance cost estimation the effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated.& COPY; 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of CIRP. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)