Simultaneous Analysis of Mycotoxins, Potentially Toxic Elements, and Pesticides in Rice: A Health Risk Assessment Study

被引：7

作者：

Yousefi, Mohammad Hashem ^{[1
]}

Abbasi, Esmaeel ^{[1
]}

Hadidi, Milad ^{[2
]}

Hashemi, Seyedenayat ^{[3
]}

Ghadimi, Amir Hossein ^{[4
]}

Yousefinejad, Saeed ^{[5
]}

Arfaeinia, Hossein ^{[3
,6
]}

Yousefinejad, Abbas ^{[7
]}

Kowalczewski, Przemyslaw Lukasz ^{[8
]}

Tomkowiak, Agnieszka ^{[9
]}

Hosseinzadeh, Saeid ^{[1
]}

Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin ^{[10
,11
]}

机构：

[1] Shiraz Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Food Hyg & Publ Hlth, Shiraz 7194684471, Iran

[2] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Fac Chem Sci & Technol, Dept Organ Chem, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain

[3] Bushehr Univ Med Sci, Fac Hlth & Nutr, Dept Environm Hlth Engn, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran

[4] Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Yasooj Branch, Yasuj 7591493686, Iran

[5] Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Inst Hlth, Res Ctr Hlth Sci, Sch Hlth, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran

[6] Bushehr Univ Med Sci, Energy Res Ctr, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran

[7] Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Nutr, Sarvestan Branch, Sarvestan 7354194579, Iran

[8] Poznan Univ Life Sci, Dept Food Technol Plant Origin, 31 Wojska Polskiego St, PL-60624 Poznan, Poland

[9] Poznan Univ Life Sci, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, 11 Dojazd St, PL-60632 Poznan, Poland

[10] Prof Waclaw Dabrowski Inst Agr & Food Biotechnol S, Dept Fruit & Vegetable Prod Technol, 36 Rakowiecka St, PL-02532 Warsaw, Poland

[11] Azerbaijan State Oil & Ind Univ, Dept Technol Chem, 16-21 Azadliq Ave, Baku AZ1010, Azerbaijan

来源：

TOXINS | 2023年 / 15卷 / 02期

关键词：

mycotoxin; PTE; rice; risk assessment; pesticide; HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION; AFLATOXIN M-1; EXPOSURE; FOOD; CHALLENGES; RESISTANCE; INDUSTRIAL; RESIDUES; PROVINCE; CADMIUM;

D O I：

10.3390/toxins15020102

中图分类号：

TS2 [食品工业];

学科分类号：

0832 ;

摘要：

Rice is a widely consumed food worldwide; however, it can be a source of pollutants, such as potentially toxic elements (PTEs), mycotoxins, and pesticides. Sixty rice samples imported from Pakistan (PAK), India (IND), and Thailand (THAI), as well as domestic Iranian (IRN) rice, were collected from Bushehr, Iran, and investigated for the contamination of PTEs, including arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni); pesticides, including chlorpyrifos, trichlorfon, diazinon, fenitrothion, and chlorothalonil; mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA), and deoxynivalenol (DON); and molds. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) of pollutants and hazard index (HI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of rice types for the Iranian adult population were calculated. The content of PTEs in Iranian rice was not higher than Iran's national standard limits. In contrast, other types of rice (imported) had at least one PTE above the permissible level. OTA content was below the detection limit, and all other mycotoxins were within the allowable range in all rice types. Thai rice was the only group without pesticides. The HI order of rice types was as follows: HIPAK = 2.1 > HIIND = 1.86 > HIIRN = 1.01 > HITHAI = 0.98. As was the biggest contributor to the HI of Iranian and Thai rice, and diazinon in the HI of Pakistani and Indian rice. The calculation of ILCR confirmed that the concentrations of Ni and Pb in Pakistani and Ni and As in Indian, Thai, and Iranian rice were not acceptable in terms of lifetime carcinogenic health risks.

引用

页数：18

共 71 条

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