Development and application of fluorine doped bismuth vanadate reduced graphene oxide Nafion composite electrode as an electrochemical sensor for 4-chlorophenol

This study describes the synthesis of fluorine-doped bismuth vanadate (F0.1BiVO4) and its composite with graphene oxide (GO) to improve charge transport properties. Based on the structural and morphological analysis such as X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and RAMAN the composite of F0.1BiVO4/r-GO/Nafion was successfully prepared with no filth. It was used to selectively detect the environmental contaminant 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) on a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electron channeling ability of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) with F0.1BiVO4 yielded a great electrochemical response (ER) in cyclic voltammetry compared to pure GCE and other modified electrodes. The differential pulse voltammetry response of 4-CP was highly sensitive with the detection of limit (LOD) of 0.56 nM and a wide linear response of 0.77-45.0 nM. Fluorine doping, in particular, was able to affect the crystal growth of BiVO4, which was the primary cause of the aforementioned improvement. On the other hand, r-GO acts as an electron bridge to improve charge transfer between electrolytes and F-BiVO4 due to its high electron transport rate. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of F0.1BiVO4/r-GO/Nafion/GCE for the electrochemical detection of 4-CP.