The expression of hate speech against Afro-descendant, Roma, and LGBTQ+ communities in YouTube comments

被引:8
作者
Carvalho, Paula [1 ,2 ]
Caled, Danielle [1 ,2 ]
Silva, Claudia [2 ,3 ]
Batista, Fernando [1 ,4 ]
Ribeiro, Ricardo [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] INESC ID Lisboa, R Alves Redol 9, P-1000029 Lisbon, Portugal
[2] Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal
[3] ITI LARSyS, Lisbon, Portugal
[4] Inst Univ Lisboa ISCTE IUL, Lisbon, Portugal
关键词
overt hate speech; covert hate speech; counter-speech; Afrophobia; Romaphobia; LGBTQphobia; DISCOURSE ANALYSIS; RACIST JOKES;
D O I
10.1075/jlac.00085.car
中图分类号
H [语言、文字];
学科分类号
05 ;
摘要
This paper addresses the specificities of online hate speech against the Afro-descendant, Roma, and LGBTQ+ communities in Portugal. The research is based on the analysis of CO-HATE, a corpus composed of 20,590 YouTube comments, which were manually annotated following detailed guidelines created for that purpose. We applied methods from corpus linguistics to assess the prevalence of overt and covert hate speech, counter-speech, and offensive speech, considering different grounds of discrimination, and to investigate the main linguistic and rhetorical strategies underlying hatred messages. The research results highlight the importance of tackling covert hate speech, a recurring phenomenon often anchored in irony and fallacious argumentation, including the emotional appeal to fear and the implicit call to action. We believe this study will aid in advancing the analysis of online hate speech, while promoting the development of efficient automated detection models, specifically regarding the Portuguese language.
引用
收藏
页码:171 / 206
页数:36
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