GABAA receptors in epilepsy: Elucidating phenotypic divergence through functional analysis of genetic variants

被引:9
作者
Absalom, Nathan L. [1 ,2 ]
Lin, Susan X. N. [2 ]
Liao, Vivian W. Y. [2 ]
Chua, Han C. [3 ]
Moller, Rikke S. [4 ,5 ]
Chebib, Mary [2 ]
Ahring, Philip K. [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Western Sydney, Sch Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia
[2] Univ Sydney, Fac Med & Hlth, Brain & Mind Ctr, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia
[3] Univ Sydney, Sydney Pharm Sch, Fac Med & Hlth, Brain & Mind Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia
[4] Filadelfia, Danish Epilepsy Ctr, Dept Epilepsy Genet & Personalized Med, Dianalund, Denmark
[5] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Reg Hlth Res, Odense, Denmark
关键词
ACMG; epilepsy; GABA; neurotransmission; CHILDHOOD ABSENCE EPILEPSY; RECEPTOR GAMMA-2 SUBUNIT; FEBRILE SEIZURES PLUS; GENERALIZED EPILEPSY; GABRG2; MUTATION; DRAVET-SYNDROME; GABAERGIC INHIBITION; NONSENSE MUTATION; TONIC INHIBITION; BINDING SITE;
D O I
10.1111/jnc.15932
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Normal brain function requires a tightly regulated balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmissions. gamma-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors represent the major class of inhibitory ion channels in the mammalian brain. Dysregulation of these receptors and/or their associated pathways is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. To date, hundreds of different GABA(A) receptor subunit variants have been associated with epilepsy, making them a prominent cause of genetically linked epilepsy. While identifying these genetic variants is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective genetic counselling, it does not necessarily lead to improved personalised treatment options. This is because the identification of a variant does not reveal how the function of GABA(A) receptors is affected. Genetic variants in GABA(A) receptor subunits can cause complex changes to receptor properties resulting in various degrees of gain-of-function, loss-of-function or a combination of both. Understanding how variants affect the function of GABA(A )receptors therefore represents an important first step in the ongoing development of precision therapies. Furthermore, it is important to ensure that functional data are produced using methodologies that allow genetic variants to be classified using clinical guidelines such as those developed by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. This article will review the current knowledge in the field and provide recommendations for future functional analysis of genetic GABA(A )receptor variants.image
引用
收藏
页码:3831 / 3852
页数:22
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