Novel lipid biomarkers and associated gene polymorphism in young ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background: There is an increasing prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in younger individuals. Lipid biomarkers such as lipoprotein-a (Lp-a), Apo A1, Apo B and Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) serve as important risk predictors for development of CAD. There is little evidence regarding the role of lipid biomarkers and their genetic polymorphisms in young (<50 years) ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Methods: This study included 110 young (18-50 years) STEMI patients and 110 healthy controls. Serum levels of Apo A1, Apo B, Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) were estimated for both patients as well as controls. Additionally, genetic polymorphisms in the Apo A1 (75G/A) and the PON1 (Q192R) genes were evaluated. Results: Serum levels of apo B (101.31 +/- 27.58 vs 75.31 +/- 18.77 mg/dl; p < 0.0001), Lp(a) [87.56 +/- 74.28 vs 25.81 +/- 24.66 mg/dl, p < 0.0001] and Lp-PLA2 [5.97 +/- 1.39 vs 3.49 +/- 1.27 ng/mL, p < 0.0001] were significantly higher in patients as compared to controls. Serum levels of Apo A1 [44.76 +/- 35.65 vs 95.97 +/- 29.89; p < 0.0001] and PON1 [2.63 +/- 1.5 vs 3.87 +/- 1.47 ng/mL, p < 0.0001] were significantly lower in cases as compared with controls. Additionally, patients with genetic polymorphisms in the Apo A1 (75G/A) and the PON1 (Q192R) gene had an increased risk of STEMI. Conclusion: Lipid biomarkers such as Apo A1, Apo B and PON1 and their genetic polymorphism are associated with the susceptibility for STEMI in young individuals. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier, a division of RELX India, Pvt. Ltd on behalf of Cardiological Society of India.