Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Olive Leaf Extract Microcapsules on MCF-7 and A549 Cancer Cells

Alginate microcapsules are a talented means for the deliveryofbroad curative biomacromolecules. In this study, we immobilized oliveleaf extract (OLE) by calcium alginate (CA) and chitosan-coated CA(CCA) and characterized the OLE-loaded CA and CCA. The cytotoxic effect,the cell cycle arrest, and the apoptotic effect of OLE and its microcapsuleswere investigated against breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and lung carcinoma(A549). As a result, the loading capacity of OLE-CA and OLE-CCAwas found to be 80 and 99%, respectively, in optimal conditions. Also,OLE-CA and OLE-CCA were characterized by unique FTIRpeaks and morphological display relative to the empty CCA microcapsules.The cytotoxicity analysis showed that the IC50 values ofOLE-CA and OLE-CCA were determined to be 312 and 0.94 & mu;g mL(-1) against A549, respectively, whereasthese were found to be 865.4 and 425.5 & mu;g mL(-1) for MCF-7 cells. On the other hand, the OLE microcapsules did notpossess in any concentration of cytotoxic influence on the BEAS 2Bhealthy cell line. Also, the exposure of OLE-CCA to MCF-7 andA549 resulted in the arrest of more MCF-7 and A549 cells at the G0/G1phase compared to the OLE. A549 and MCF-7 cells were predominantlyfound in the late apoptosis phase and necrosis phase, respectively.Optical microscopy images confirmed that OLE microcapsules were moreeffective against MCF-7 and A549 than free OLE. The present work suggestedthat the OLE microcapsules might be administered as nutrition supplementsfor cancer therapy.