Engineering Paradigms for Sheared-Flow-Stabilized Z-Pinch Fusion Energy

The sheared-flow-stabilized Z-pinch concept is on a path to commercialization at Zap Energy. Recent experiments on the Fusion Z-pinch Experiment (FuZE) device corroborate expected plasma stability and thermonuclear fusion reaction rates. Experimental campaigns are underway to increase the pinch current, the stable plasma duration, and the DD fusion neutron production. The next-generation device FuZE-Q is currently undergoing commissioning and will begin operation at current levels where scientific breakeven-equivalent conditions are expected in the near future. The Z-pinch configuration offers the promise of a compact fusion device owing to its simple geometry, unity beta, and absence of external magnetic field coils.In addition to a robust experimental program pushing plasma performance toward breakeven conditions, Zap Energy has parallel programs developing power handling systems suitable for future power plants. Technologies under development include high-average-power repetitive pulsed power, high-duty-cycle cathodes, and liquid-metal wall systems. High-level features of the conceptual power plant core design are elaborated and compared with other approaches to fusion energy.