Lycopene ameliorates aflatoxin B1-induced testicular lesion by attenuating oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage with Nrf2 activation in mice

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is an extremely hazardous and unavoidable pollutant for cereals and feedstuff. AFB1 can cause testicular lesion, and how to alleviate its testicular toxicity has received much attention in recent years. Lycopene (LYC), a foodborne nutrient derived from red fruits and vegetables, has protective effects against sperm abnormality and testicular lesions. To confirm the beneficial effects and mechanisms of LYC on AFB1-induced testicular lesion, 48 male mice were exposed to 0.75 mg/kg AFB1 or/and 5 mg/kg LYC for consecutive 30 days. Results demonstrated the LYC significantly restored the lesions of testicular microstructure and ultrastructure, and sperm abnormalities in AFB1-exposed mice. Furthermore, LYC effectively attenuated AFB1-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, including ameliorative mitochondrial structural, and elevated mitochondrial biogenesis for maintaining mitochondrial function. Meanwhile, LYC resisted AFB1-induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. In addition, LYC promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, and upregulated the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings demonstrate LYC ame-liorates AFB1-induced testicular lesion by attenuating oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, which is related to the activation of Nrf2.