Incidence, outcomes and risk factors of barotrauma in veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome

Background: Although acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients are provided a lung rest strategy during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment, the exact conditions of barotrauma is unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the epidemiology and risk factors for barotrauma in ARDS patients using ECMO in a single, large ECMO center in China. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 127 patients with ARDS received veno-venous (VV) ECMO who met the Berlin definition. The epidemiology and risk factors for barotrauma during ECMO were analyzed. Results: Among 127 patients with ARDS treated with ECMO, barotrauma occurred in 24 (18.9%) during ECMO and 9 (7.1%) after ECMO decannulation, mainly in the late stage of ARDS (75%) and >= 8 days during ECMO (54.2%). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that younger ARDS patients (OR = 0.953, 95%CI 0.923-0.983, p = 0.003) and those with pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) (OR = 3.15, 95%CI 1.070-9.271, p = 0.037), elevated body temperature after establishing ECMO (OR = 2.997, 95%CI 1.325-6.779, p = 0.008) and low platelet count after establishing ECMO (OR = 0.985, 95%CI 0.972-0.998, p = 0.02) had an increased risk of barotrauma during ECMO. There was no difference in ventilator parameters between patients with and without barotrauma. Barotrauma during ECMO was mainly related to the etiology of the disease and disease state. Conclusion: There is a high incidence of barotrauma in ARDS patients during ECMO, even after ECMO dec-annulation. Young age, PJP, elevated body temperature and low platelet count after establishing ECMO are risk factors of barotrauma, and those patients should be closely monitored by imaging, especially in the late stage of ARDS.