Hydrodynamic effects of the elliptical spacer filament on the flow and mass transfer in a desalination membrane channel

This study numerically investigates the impacts of an elliptical spacer on the flow and mass transfer within a desalination membrane channel. We consider the effects of the fluid Reynolds number, the elliptical spacer position y(in)/H, the flow attack angle theta and the aspect ratio B of spacer on the fluid flow, concentration polarization, and permeation flux. Our findings reveal that the elliptical spacers can improve both the mass transfer and permeation flux compared with the traditional circular spacers. Placing the spacer near the membrane surface effectively disrupts the concentration boundary layer, thereby amplifying the local concentration polarization surrounding the spacer. A single recirculation vortex behind the spacer induces numerous large vortices around the membrane, resulting in a significant increment in freshwater production. By changing theta and B, the system's stability can be reduced, potentially leading to a 16.0% increment in permeation flux when compared with the traditional circular spacers. Furthermore, the drag and lift coefficients acting on the elliptical spacer are greater than those of circular spacers, which is the main reason for the transition of flow condition. Our findings provide a reference for the design of the efficient structures in reverse osmosis membranes.