The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men with Schizophrenia

被引:18
作者
Matuszewska, Agnieszka [1 ]
Kowalski, Krzysztof [1 ]
Jawien, Paulina [2 ]
Tomkalski, Tomasz [3 ]
Gawel-Dabrowska, Dagmara [4 ]
Merwid-Lad, Anna [1 ]
Szelag, Ewa [5 ]
Blaszczak, Karolina [1 ]
Wiatrak, Benita [1 ]
Danielewski, Maciej [1 ]
Piasny, Janusz [1 ]
Szelag, Adam [1 ]
机构
[1] Wroclaw Med Univ, Dept Pharmacol, J Mikulicza Radeckiego 2, PL-50345 Wroclaw, Poland
[2] Wroclaw Univ Environm & Life Sci, Dept Biostruct & Anim Physiol, CK Norwida 25-27, PL-50375 Wroclaw, Poland
[3] Tadeusz Marciniak Lower Silesia Specialist Hosp, Ctr Med Emergency, Dept Endocrinol Diabetol & Internal Med, AE Fieldorfa 2, PL-54049 Wroclaw, Poland
[4] Wroclaw Med Univ, Dept Populat Hlth, Div Publ Hlth, Bujwida 44, PL-50345 Wroclaw, Poland
[5] Wroclaw Med Univ, Dept Maxillofacial Orthopaed & Orthodont, Krakowska 26, PL-50425 Wroclaw, Poland
关键词
schizophrenia; sex hormones; HPG axis; testosterone; hypogonadism; estradiol; prolactin; hyperprolactinemia; psychotropic drugs; male; BODY-MASS INDEX; SERUM PROLACTIN LEVELS; ANTIPSYCHOTIC-NAIVE PATIENTS; PSYCHIATRY WFSBP GUIDELINES; HORMONE-BINDING-GLOBULIN; COMORBID SUBSTANCE USE; LIVER-DISEASE; INDUCED HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS; SEX-DIFFERENCES;
D O I
10.3390/ijms24076492
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a chronic, progressive course. The etiology of this condition is linked to the interactions of multiple genes and environmental factors. The earlier age of onset of schizophrenia, the higher frequency of negative symptoms in the clinical presentation, and the poorer response to antipsychotic treatment in men compared to women suggests the involvement of sex hormones in these processes. This article aims to draw attention to the possible relationship between testosterone and some clinical features in male schizophrenic patients and discuss the complex nature of these phenomena based on data from the literature. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched to select the papers without limiting the time of the publications. Hormone levels in the body are regulated by many organs and systems, and take place through the neuroendocrine, hormonal, neural, and metabolic pathways. Sex hormones play an important role in the development and function of the organism. Besides their impact on secondary sex characteristics, they influence brain development and function, mood, and cognition. In men with schizophrenia, altered testosterone levels were noted. In many cases, evidence from available single studies gave contradictory results. However, it seems that the testosterone level in men affected by schizophrenia may differ depending on the phase of the disease, types of clinical symptoms, and administered therapy. The etiology of testosterone level disturbances may be very complex. Besides the impact of the illness (schizophrenia), stress, and antipsychotic drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, testosterone levels may be influenced by, i.a., obesity, substances of abuse (e.g., ethanol), or liver damage.
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页数:27
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