Potential-induced degradation: a challenge in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells

Presently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as one of the most prominent photovoltaic (PV) technologies. However, the stability of PSCs is typically the primary challenge hindering their practical application. Among the various factors that affect PSC stability, potential-induced degradation (PID) is recognized as a significant reliability threat and can cause considerable damage to PSCs within a short timeframe. Accordingly, herein, we aim to review the progress on PID, its associated mechanisms, contributing environmental factors, and testing techniques by mainly focusing on various present PV technologies. Further, studies on PID are reviewed and valuable insights are offered for future research endeavors related to PID in PSCs and associated modules. Moreover, to enhance the commercialization aspects of PSCs, studies on the impact of structural and compositional characteristics, methodologies for the mitigation of environmental stressors, and the importance of interfacial engineering as future emerging trends are discussed. Potential-induced degradation, a major factor in solar cell stability, is a reliability threat that can damage them within a shorter timeframe. As a promising and emerging PV technology, perovskite solar cells must overcome PID to be commercialized.