Intestinal and Extra-intestinal Complications of Typhoid Fever: an Update

Purpose of ReviewTyphoid fever is one of the commonest global health burdens and has various local and systemic complications. The clinical picture may be more complex in concealed, untreated, or partially treated patients, which form a significant proportion of total cases. So, in this study, we aimed to identify recent and unique intestinal and extra-intestinal complications associated with typhoid fever.Recent FindingsWe searched the terms "Typhoid/Enteric fever AND complication" and "Salmonella Typhi AND complication" in online libraries like PubMed, Scopus, and Embase and collected the recent studies. A total of 45,078 studies were identified, and 42 were included in this study. Searches from various databases suggested that among intestinal complications, bleeding and perforation are more prevalent than other complications like acute pancreatitis, hepatic failure, and acalculus cholecystitis. Similarly, neurological complications, including delirium, are more prevalent than cardiac and respiratory system involvement among extra-intestinal features. The concurrent presence of different intestinal and extra-intestinal complexities is common and requires long-term management.Typhoid fever has numerous complications, whose prompt identification and timely management are desirable to decrease morbidity and mortality.