Assessing the Impact of a 1.5 T Transverse Magnetic Field in Radiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer Patients

Purpose: Magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiotherapy enables visualization of static anatomy, capturing tumor motion, and extracting quantitative image features for treatment verification and outcome monitoring. However, magnetic fields in online MR imaging (MRI) require efforts to ensure accurate dose measurements. This study aimed to assess the dosimetric impact of a 1.5 T magnetic field in esophageal cancer radiotherapy using MR-linac, exploring treatment adaptation potential and personalized medicine benefits. Methods: A prospective cohort study enrolled 100 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing 4DCT and 3DCT scans before radiotherapy. The heart was contoured on 3DCT, 4DCT end expiration (EE), and 4DCT end inhalation (EI) images by the same radiation oncologist. Reference RT plans were designed on 3DCT, with adjustments for different phases generating 5 plan types per patient. Variations in dose-volume parameters for organs at risk and the target area among different plans were compared using Monaco 5.40.04. Results: Slight dose distortions at air-tissue interfaces were observed in the magnetic field's presence. Dose at air-tissue interfaces (chest wall and heart wall) was slightly higher in some patients (3.0% tissue increased by 4.3 Gy on average) compared to nonmagnetic conditions. Average clinical target volume coverage V100 dropped from 99% to 95% compared to reference plans (planEI and planEE). Dose-volume histogram variation between the original plan and reference plans was within 2.3%. Superior-inferior (SI) direction displacement was significantly larger than lateral and anterior-posterior directions (P < .05). Conclusion: Significant SI direction shift in lower esophageal cancerous regions during RT indicates the magnetic field's dosimetric impact, including the electron return effect at tissue-air boundaries. Changes in OAR dose could serve as valuable indicators of organ impairment and target dose alterations, especially for cardiac tissue when using the 1.5 T linac method. Reoptimizing the plan with the magnetic field enhances the feasibility of achieving a clinically acceptable treatment plan for esophageal cancer patients.