Detecting macromolecular differences of the CSF in low disability multiple sclerosis using quantitative MT MRI at 3T

BackgroundImaging investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is understudied. Development of noninvasive methods to detect pathological CSF changes would have a profound effect on MS diagnosis and would offer insight into MS pathophysiology and mechanisms of neurological impairment.ObjectiveWe propose magnetization transfer (MT) MRI as a tool to detect macromolecular changes in spinal CSF.MethodsMT and quantitative MT (qMT) data were acquired in the cervical region in 27 people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (pwRRMS) and 38 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). MT ratio (MTR), the B1, B0, and R1 corrected qMT-derived pool size ratio (PSR) were quantified in the spinal cord and CSF of each group.ResultsBoth CSF MTR and CSF qMT-derived PSR were significantly increased in pwRRMS compared to HC (p = 0.027 and p = 0.020, respectively). CSF PSR of pwRRMS was correlated to Expanded Disability Status Scale Scores (p = 0.045, R = 0.352).ConclusionOur findings demonstrate increased CSF macromolecular content in pwRRMS and link CSF macromolecular content with clinical impairment. This highlights the potential role of CSF in processing products of demyelination.