Pulsed electric field processing in the dairy sector: A review of applications, quality impact and implementation challenges

Customer priority for consuming dairy products with intact natural characteristics is leading the food processing trends towards the extensive exploration of non-thermal technologies. Pulsed electric field (PEF) technique has arisen as a potential and sustainable processing solution. This review discusses the microbial and enzyme inactivation potential of PEF technique in milk and milk products. Alongside its effect on their natural characteristics. Its potential for better probiotic retention in spray-dried powders, dairy waste treatment and nutrient enrichment application in dairy products has also been highlighted. PEF has demonstrated its effectiveness in ensuring the dairy product's safety with minimal effects on quality parameters. However, these findings are limited to lab and pilot scale level. Further, extensive research is needed at a commercial scale for the implementation of this technology in the dairy industry. This article demonstrates the potential of pulsed electric field technology for the safety treatment (microbial and enzyme inactivation) of dairy products with minimal impact on their quality parameters. This technology is also capable of treating dairy waste, preserving probiotics in spray-dried powders, and enriching dairy products with essential nutrients. image