Minimizing the electric vehicle charging stations impact in the distribution networks by simultaneous allocation of DG and DSTATCOM with considering uncertainty in load

The rise in popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) is attributable to their economical maintenance, excellent performance, and environmentally-friendly nature due to zero carbon emissions. Nevertheless, the increased utilization of EVs poses challenges for the distribution system's efficiency. The strategic placement of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) is crucial in maintaining the reliability of the radial distribution system (RDS). The improper allocation of EVCS can result in degradation and affect the distribution system. To overcome this issue, a potential solution involves integrating the charging stations with the RDS by utilizing distribution static compensators (DSTATCOMs) and distributed generation (DG) to mitigate the adverse effects of EVCS on the RDS. The appropriate sizing of DG/DSTATCOM depends on variations in load stages, as it impacts the stability of the RDS. Additionally, the uncertainty of distribution loads can lead to an underestimation of power within the system, posing a primary challenge. In this proposed work, two studies were examined: (i) DG and DSTATCOM allocation considering load uncertainty without EVCS impact, and (ii) DG and DSTATCOM allocation considering load uncertainty with EVCS impact. To address this multi-objective problem, an objective function was developed to reduce real power loss while adhering to system equality and inequality constraints. To tackle the challenge, the researchers used the bald eagle search algorithm (BESA), a revolutionary metaheuristic optimization methodology. The efficacy of the proposed approach was validated using two test systems: a 34-bus system and a 118-bus system. The results obtained from these test cases demonstrate that the BESA-based solution is highly exact in reducing real power loss, increasing bus voltage, and enhancing system stability with a significantly high convergence rate. Hence, the proposed approach presents a promising solution for optimizing RDS with multiple objectives.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).