Fermi-GBM Discovery of GRB 221009A: An Extraordinarily Bright GRB from Onset to Afterglow

被引：91

作者：

Lesage, S. ^{[1
,2
]}

Veres, P. ^{[1
]}

Briggs, M. S. ^{[1
,2
]}

Goldstein, A. ^{[3
]}

Kocevski, D. ^{[4
]}

Burns, E. ^{[5
]}

Wilson-Hodge, C. A. ^{[4
]}

Bhat, P. N. ^{[1
,2
]}

Huppenkothen, D. ^{[6
]}

Fryer, C. L. ^{[7
]}

Hamburg, R. ^{[8
]}

Racusin, J. ^{[9
]}

Bissaldi, E. ^{[10
,11
,26
,27
]}

Cleveland, W. H. ^{[3
]}

Dalessi, S. ^{[1
,2
]}

Fletcher, C. ^{[3
]}

Giles, M. M. ^{[12
]}

Hristov, B. A.

Hui, C. M. ^{[4
]}

Mailyan, B. ^{[13
]}

Malacaria, C. ^{[14
]}

Poolakkil, S. ^{[1
]}

Roberts, O. J. ^{[3
]}

von Kienlin, A. ^{[15
]}

Wood, J. ^{[4
]}

Ajello, M. ^{[1
,2
,16
,33
]}

Arimoto, M. ^{[17
]}

Baldini, L. ^{[18
]}

Ballet, J. ^{[19
]}

Baring, M. G. ^{[20
]}

Bastieri, D. ^{[21
,22
,23
]}

Gonzalez, J. Becerra ^{[24
]}

Bellazzini, R. ^{[25
]}

Bissaldi, E. ^{[10
,11
,26
,27
]}

Blandford, R. D. ^{[28
]}

Bonino, R. ^{[29
,30
]}

Bruel, P. ^{[31
]}

Buson, S. ^{[32
]}

Cameron, R. A. ^{[28
]}

Caputo, R. ^{[33
]}

Caraveo, P. A. ^{[34
]}

Cavazzuti, E. ^{[35
]}

Chiaro, G. ^{[34
]}

Cibrario, N. ^{[29
,30
]}

Ciprini, S. ^{[36
,37
]}

Orestano, P. Cristarella ^{[38
,39
]}

Crnogorcevic, M. ^{[33
,40
]}

Cuoco, A. ^{[29
,30
]}

Cutini, S. ^{[39
]}

D'Ammando, F. ^{[41
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Alabama Huntsville, Dept Space Sci, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA

[2] Univ Alabama Huntsville, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA

[3] Univ Space Res Assoc, Inst Sci & Technol, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA

[4] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Branch ST12, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA

[5] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA

[6] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Niels Bohrweg 4, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands

[7] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Non Linear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA

[8] Univ Paris Saclay, IJCLab, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France

[9] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[10] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Int Fis, Via E Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy

[11] Ist Nazl Fis Nucleare, Sez Bari, Via E Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy

[12] Jacobs Space Explorat Grp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA

[13] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA

[14] Int Space Sci Inst, Hallerstr 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

[15] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[16] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA

[17] Kanazawa Univ, Inst Sci & Engn, Fac Math & Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan

[18] Univ Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[19] Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Cite, CNRS, CEA,AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[20] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MS-108,POB 1892, Houston, TX 77251 USA

[21] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[22] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis Astron G Galilei, Via F Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[23] Univ Padua, Ctr Space Studies & Act G Colombo, Via Venezia 15, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[24] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain

[25] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[26] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, Via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[27] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[28] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[29] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy

[30] UnivTorino, Dipartimento Fis, I-10125 Turin, Italy

[31] Inst Polytech Paris, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Ecole Polytech, CNRS,IN2P3, F-91120 Palaiseau, France

[32] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany

[33] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[34] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Milano, Via Bassini 15, I-20133 Milan, Italy

[35] Italian Space Agcy, Via Politecn Snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[36] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[37] Space Sci Data Ctr Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via Politecn Snc, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[38] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[39] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[40] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[41] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

[42] Univ Complutense Madrid, Grp Altas Energias, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

[43] Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[44] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[45] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA

[46] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan

[47] Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany

[48] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain

[49] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor UAM CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain

[50] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | 2023年 / 952卷 / 02期

基金：

欧盟地平线“2020”;

关键词：

GAMMA-RAY BURST; SPECTRAL CATALOG; BATSE OBSERVATIONS; PROMPT EMISSION; LORENTZ FACTORS; KONUS-WIND; ENERGY; LONG; COMPONENT; NEARBY;

D O I：

10.3847/2041-8213/ace5b4

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We report the discovery of GRB 221009A, the highest flux gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM). This GRB has continuous prompt emission lasting more than 600 s, which smoothly transitions to afterglow emission visible in the Fermi-GBM energy range (8 keV-40 MeV), and total energetics higher than any other burst in the Fermi-GBM sample. By using a variety of new and existing analysis techniques we probe the spectral and temporal evolution of GRB 221009A. We find no emission prior to the Fermi-GBM trigger time (t (0); 2022 October 9 at 13:16:59.99 UTC), indicating that this is the time of prompt emission onset. The triggering pulse exhibits distinct spectral and temporal properties suggestive of the thermal, photospheric emission of shock breakout, with significant emission up to & SIM;15 MeV. We characterize the onset of external shock at t (0) + 600 s and find evidence of a plateau region in the early-afterglow phase, which transitions to a slope consistent with Swift-XRT afterglow measurements. We place the total energetics of GRB 221009A in context with the rest of the Fermi-GBM sample and find that this GRB has the highest total isotropic-equivalent energy (E (& gamma;,iso) = 1.0 x 10(55) erg) and second highest isotropic-equivalent luminosity (L (& gamma;,iso) = 9.9 x 10(53) erg s(-1)) based on its redshift of z = 0.151. These extreme energetics are what allowed us to observe the continuously emitting central engine of Fermi-GBM from the beginning of the prompt emission phase through the onset of early afterglow.

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页数：20

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