Bacterial species associated with peri-implant disease - a literature review

Peri-implantitis is a pathological condition in dental medicine that manifests as an inflammatory process affecting the tissues surrounding dental implants. Peri-implantitis occurs when the soft and hard tissues surrounding these implants become inflamed, leading to progressive destruction of the supporting bone. The etiology of peri-implantitis is multifactorial, involving microbial, host-related, and environmental factors. Microbial involvement in peri-implantitis can be explained either by direct in-situ virulence activation leading to pathogenicity, or by induction of low-grade chronic immune activation, leading to long-term persistence of a pro-inflammatory status. Understanding peri-implantitis is pivotal in maintaining the long-term success of dental implants and improving patient outcomes in implantsupported restorations. Recognizing the etiological factors, including particular bacterial species, genetic predispositions, and environmental influences, is very important for devising effective preventive strategies and targeted interventions.