Clinical and biochemical footprints of inherited metabolic disease. XVI. Hematological abnormalities

Many classical inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) are associated with significant hematological complications such as anemia or thrombosis. While these may not be the prominent presenting feature of these conditions, management of these issues is important for optimal outcomes in people with IMDs. Some disorders that are included in the nosology of inherited metabolic disorders, such as inherited disorders of red cell energy meta-bolism, have purely hematological features, and have typically been cared for by a hematologist. In the 16th issue of the Footprints series, we identified 265 IMDs associated with hematological abnormalities. We review the major hematological manifestations of IMDs, suggest further investigation of hematological findings, and discuss treatment options available for specific hematological complications of IMDs.