Numerical simulation of creep behavior of clay using discrete element method

The current study examined the creep behavior of clay in terms of particle sliding using samples containing montmorillonite and kaolinite by modeling all interparticle forces using the discrete element method. The effects of the stress level, pore fluid chemistry, fabric structure and mineral compositions of clay on creep behavior have been studied. The results show that creep mechanisms emerged as a result of clay particle slippage at their points of contact and deformation of the particles themselves. It was also observed that interparticle physicochemical interactions affected the creep behavior of clay minerals. Generally, the rate of secondary consolidation declined with an increase in loading due to densification of the soil. Additionally, a stronger DDL repulsive force led to the neutralization of applied stress at higher compressions, resulting in sooner completion of primary consolidation and initiation of creep.